Different Approaches in The Wisdom of Teams Free Essays

Jon R. Katzenbach is a chief of McKinsey Company, Inc., where he has served the senior administrators of driving organizations for more than thirty years. We will compose a custom exposition test on Various Approaches in The Wisdom of Teams or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now His experience incorporates work with both open and private division customers from the mechanical, money related, and shopper ventures. He has likewise served an assortment of philanthropic establishments. He works in issues including corporate administration, association, and initiative. Douglas K. Smith is a previous specialist at McKinsey Company, Inc., who today is a main pundit on authoritative presentation and change. Essentially, groups beat individuals working alone. This is particularly evident when the exhibition requires various abilities, decisions, and encounters. Specialists or previous experts of enormous counseling firms composed the Wisdom of Teams. The Wisdom of Teams creators have roots at McKinsey. A counseling firm based out of Dallas Texas. The writers have invested impressive energy working with groups, contemplating them and are currently utilizing their books to bestow that information to those trying to shape, create and encourage fruitful groups in their associations. In any case, the two books adopt altogether different strategies. Groups are one of the catchphrases of the 90’s. Also, with them has come a blast of writing mentioning to us what groups are and what they are not; how to make them, measure them, use them and enable them. Another jargon has developed that recognizes work bunches from work groups, and self-coordinated groups from every other group. A portion of the basic exercises found out about groups and group execution are: †Teams don't emerge without a perforce challenge that is significant to those included. †Real team†s results will be more prominent if the pioneers point their sights on inclination. †Biases toward independence can't meddle with the team†s objectives. The Wisdom of Teams presents exercises gained from the achievement and disappointment of real groups. The creators base their knowledge on close to home understanding alongside broad meetings led with 50 distinct organizations. Katzenbach and Smith’s exercises are bolstered by contextual investigations. â€Å"Real† groups are the focal point of the book. As indicated by Katzenbach and Smith, a â€Å"real† group is few individuals with corresponding abilities who are focused on a typical reason, execution objectives and approach for which they consider themselves commonly responsible. These components of a group †reason, execution objectives, regular way to deal with work and shared responsibility †characterize what groups are and how they ought to be overseen. Groups are recognized from work bunches in that the work they perform is aggregate rather than the total of individual commitments, positions of authority are shared, and the group accomplishes genuine work together that bring about a particular item or administration being conveyed. This differentiation is significant, in light of the fact that the focal point of the book is on what groups are, the stuff to turn into a group and how to abuse the capability of effective groups. The creators likewise present valuable rules for deciding when to utilize a group and when to utilize a work gathering. Groups are not introduced as a hierarchical perfect. Actually, Katzenbach and Smith energize taking a gander at the organization’s objectives and approaches to decide whether a group or work bunch is the best decision. Their predisposition is that groups merit the difficulty where they bolster authoritative objectives. In their view, the capability of groups is boundless and developing genuine groups is perhaps the most ideal methods of overhauling the general execution of an association. Katzenbach and Smith’s guidance is basic, direct, and down to earth. They take a gander at groups in an authoritative setting. Certain components are basic to group achievement. The association needs to have or build up a solid â€Å"performance ethic.† as it were, convincing clear purposes and execution principles should be a significant piece of the organization’s culture. As indicated by Katzenbach and Smith, execution, not science, shapes groups. â€Å"Real† groups develop when the people in them face challenges including strife, trust, relationship, and difficult work. Making strife valuable by creating approaches to deal with contrasts and concerns and trim them into shared objectives is when genuine groups develop. The creators recommend accomplishing this by building up desperation and clear course in groups, choosing individuals dependent on aptitude balance, not character, and with chances to gain from one another. Setting up clear beginning up rules for conduct and taking advantage of a couple of prompt execution situated undertakings that are testing however reachable likewise help groups create. Getting to know each other and giving positive criticism are vital. The creators portray the senior supervisory group as the hardest to set up they present this as a reality of authoritative life that can be tended to. Their answer: start by making a solid senior administration work gathering and go from that point. Numerous effective associations utilizing groups have them. The creators are additionally pragmatists. The trouble groups may face, for example, absence of the executives course is portrayed with proposals for tending to them. At long last, and possibly above all, Katzenbach and Smith are confident people. They accept that a great many people can lead. Pioneers need to give direction and surrender control and above all have faith in the group and put them first. It is that demeanor, faith in the group, that is the most significant attribute of a pioneer. They reason that a solid presentation ethic prompts the quest for normal execution results that advantage clients, investors, and representatives. An overemphasis on any one region makes twists that lead to turf fights and governmental issues. Directors must request and afterward tenaciously help quest for execution by groups. This reasonable basic model can without much of a stretch be applied to an association. The entirety of this guidance is offered while downplaying language. Truth be told, the book begins by recognizing what we as a whole know making change in an association can be troublesome. However, The Wisdom of Teams gives straightforward techniques, to dissect authoritative preparation, and options that will get your association more like a genuine group condition. It diagrams the nuts and bolts components of group and afterward offers procedures for adhering to them to make progress. You don't should be a procedure expert to make groups work in Katzenbach and Smith’s world. What's more, this is the book’s most prominent quality. While the guidance offered is acceptable, the book could be significantly more compact and simpler to peruse. A significant number of the focuses are excess. This is a decent book for the novice, who needs to comprehend the issues. The most effective method to refer to Different Approaches in The Wisdom of Teams, Essay models

Organizational Structure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hierarchical Structure - Research Paper Example Thus, it contains a multi-dimensional plan considering the variables identified with work specialization, centralization and decentralization, levels of leadership, length of control and formalization. To figure these multi-dimensional capacities in a less difficult way, scholars and investigators formulated two kinds of hierarchical structure, i.e., unthinking and natural structure. Both the structures are generally unique in relation to one another naturally. While robotic structure follows the unbending type of formalization, centralization, departmentalization and specialization; the later sticks with in-formalization, decentralization and cross - practical groups in the authoritative condition. Quite, these two sorts of structures propel tremendous contrasts regarding convictions and planning, and in this way, manage various downsides and confinements on their part (Australia National University, n.d.). Thoughtfully, robotic structure is viewed as exceptionally unbending by standards and convictions and along these lines, is much all the more impacting in a given stable condition of business, including some normal timetables and advances utilized in the association. Some positive angles which are found in this sort of bureaucratic structure are that it is plainly characterized and managed by the company’s heads. As all the activities are controlled and executed by the top level supervisors, the plan turns out to be a lot less difficult to accentuate. To place into account robotic structure, as the term alludes, accept employees’ jobs to be to some degree like machines and are intended to be worked by others, for example top level directors. Another outstanding favorable position of this basic framework is that, the structure characterizes to limit squanders and increment efficiency of representatives. In any case, in the current situation, the organization may go over some significant downsides if there should arise an occurrence of following this sort of structure. To express, the

Blog Archive Mission Admission Deciding on a Safety School

Blog Archive Mission Admission Deciding on a Safety School Mission Admission is a series of MBA admission tips; a new one is posted each Tuesday. For many candidates, Round 3 is a time to sit back, relax and wait for the MBA admissions committees to make their decisions. However, for others, the third round is a time to be conservative and apply to a safety school. But what constitutes a safety school? Although determining exactly what a safety school is can be difficult (given that many variables are involved, and the definition can shift depending on the candidate in question), a good place to start is with scores. If a candidate’s GMAT score and GPA are significantly higher than the target school’s averages, then the school isâ€"at first glance, at leastâ€"a safe choice. So, for example, if you have a 750 GMAT and a 3.8 GPA and you are applying to Emory’s Goizueta School (GMAT middle 80% range 620â€"730  and GPA 3.4 for the Class of 2015), you are off to a promising start. Next, you might consider your work experience relative to the target program. For example, many Goldman Sachs investment banking “alums” apply and are admitted to the so-called M7 schools (Stanford, Harvard, Wharton, Kellogg, Chicago, Columbia and MIT). If you happen to be such a candidate, choosing a school outside this tier would certainly make you more competitive (keeping in mind scores, community service and recommendations as well). Finally, you might consider the programs general selectivity. If you consider yourself a competitive candidate at Columbia Business School, which accepts approximately 18% of applicants, applying to Texas, which in recent years has accepted closer to 30%, may be a safe option. Before you start applying to any safety schools, however, ask yourself this relatively simple question: “Would I go if I got in?” Spending time applying to an MBA program that you would not be willing to actually attend is pointless. If you choose to apply to such a school (as some do), anyway, you will, rather ironically, find yourself with no safety net at all. To explore potential safety schools typically ranked outside the top 15, check out our  Diamonds in the Rough blog series. Share ThisTweet Mission Admission

Careers for an Economics Major

Being an economics major means youve taken (or will take) classes that explore finance, psychology, logic, and mathematics, among others. But just what kinds of jobs can you look for that will utilize everything youve learned and done as an economics major? Fortunately, an economics major allows you to take a variety of interesting, engaging, and rewarding jobs. Jobs for Economics Majors 1. Teach. You chose to pursue a career in economics because you love it—and, most likely, because someone somewhere along the way helped spark that passion in both your heart and brain. Consider igniting that kind of interest in someone else by teaching. 2. Tutor. Economics may come easy to you, but many people struggle with it. You just might be able to make a career out of tutoring economics to high school students, college students, and anyone else who needs a little help. 3. Work at a college or university doing research. Think about it: You already have connections at your institution in the Economics department, and youre one of the freshest minds on the market. Consider doing academic research with a professor or department at your own or a nearby college or university. 4. Work at an institute doing research. If you like the idea of research but want to branch out a little from your college days, consider doing research at a think tank or other research institute. 5. Work for an economics magazine or journal. As an economics major, you no doubt came to understand how important journals are in the field. Working at a magazine or journal can be a really great gig that exposes you to a ton of new ideas and people. 6. Work for a large company in the business department. Put your economics training to good use by working on the business side of things for a large company. 7. Work at a nonprofit that helps people improve their economic situation in America. Fortunately, there are an abundance of nonprofits out there that help people do everything from save for a house, learn how to budget better, or get out of debt. Find one that matches your interests and see if theyre hiring. 8. Work at a nonprofit that helps people internationally. Other nonprofits work to improve the economic conditions of people across the globe. If you want a larger impact, consider working for a nonprofit with an international mission you believe in. 9. Work at an investment or financial planning firm. Learning more about the markets in a hands-on kind of way can be an interesting, exciting job. Find an investment or financial planning firm that has an ethos you like and see what you can do! 10. Help a nonprofit with the business side of the house. Nonprofits do great work, from helping promote community gardens to bringing music into classrooms. They all, however, have to make sure their business affairs are in order—and need people like you to help. 11. Work in the government. The government has many different offices and departments that deal with the business side of governance. See whos hiring and go to bed knowing youre helping your career and Uncle Sam. 12. Work for a political organization. Political organizations (including election campaigns) often need advice on handling economics issues, creating policy positions, etc. Put your training to use while also being involved in the political system. 13. Work for a consulting firm. Consulting firms can be a great gig for someone who knows theyre interested in finance and business, but isnt sure yet about which sector theyd like to go into. Consulting will expose you to a lot of different companies and situations while providing you with a reliable and interesting job. 14. Work in journalism. Econ major? In journalism? Explaining things like economic policy, the markets, corporate culture, and business trends is very difficult for many people—except economics majors, who often have a better understanding of these kinds of issues than most folks out there. Consider using your understanding of all-things-economics-related to help others understand them better, too.

Mark Zukenbergs Contribution to the Business Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Synapse employed the usage of artificial intelligence technology to understand and decipher the habits of the users who were concerned with the learning traits. Both AOL and Microsoft wanted to purchase Synapse but Mark Zuckerberg decided not to sell it to anyone. He made his decision to pursue his studies at Harvard University. Mark Zuckerberg is a name to reckon with, as far as the business entrepreneurs in the present day and age are concerned. This is because he has made a name for himself, which is difficult to replicate by anyone. However people can attempt to come close to what his aura has become in recent years, but this is a reality that Mark Zuckerberg is indeed one of the most sought after names in the business and networking industries. He founded Facebook in 2004. He was sitting in his Harvard dorm room when he decided to launch it. He brought in the idea from his academy days when he adopted the long-standing conventional norm of having an alumni montage that basicall y took into account their headshots. It was named Facebook and hence came the name for this giant that was waiting to be unleashed. We will write a custom essay sample on Mark Zukenberg's Contribution to the Business or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This was an annual student directory and contained bios of all students with their pictures (only headshots) as well as the faculty and staff. Since Mark Zuckerberg launched his own version of Facebook, he decided to keep it very secluded (just for Harvard students). Later on, he decided to spread Facebook to other schools, colleges, and universities as well. However, he had to seek facilitation for the same from his roommate Dustin Moskovitz. Their initial network spanned universities like Stanford, Yale, Dartmouth, Cornell, and Columbia. However, after this it took its basis towards schools that had social linkages with Harvard University (McGirt 2007). After this, Mark Zuckerberg moved on to California with his friends. They wanted to set something up so that Facebook could be the next big thing. They leased a small place that was going to be their initial office. Peter Thiel invested in the company after Mark Zuckerberg was able to convince him that Facebook would be an immense success. The summer of 2004 saw the launch of the official Facebook. Even though the friends wanted to come back to Harvard University in the fall, they decided against it.

Essay on The Life and Achievements of Aristotle - 1194 Words

Aristotle was born in 384 BC. In Stagira, a small town northern Greece. He had one older brother and one sister. His father, Nicomachus, was a doctor. His mother, Phaestis, came from the island of Euboea. She was wealthy. Owning a house which later remained in the family after she married Nicomachus. There are hardly any personal details of Aristotle because he lived so long ago. The little details we know are mostly from a Greek Historian named Diogenes Laertius. In his book he said that Aristotle had a lisp when he spoke and had small eyes. His attire, rings, and haircut were easily noticeable. Education in Greece was boys usually went to private schools when they were around six years old. They were taught reading, writing, and†¦show more content†¦He died when Aristotle was only ten years old. His mother, Phaestis died around the same time. Aristotle was left an orphan. Since Aristotle had no teacher, he ended his career in medicine. Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian. When Aistotle arrived in Athens in 367 B.C. the academy was 12 years old. The philosopher Plato was the director. Plato’s teachings were linked to the teachings of Socrates. Forty years earlier, when Plato was twenty, he had met the great philosopher and and immediately became his devoted student. After Socrates death, Plato left Athens and spent twlve years traveling in Greece, Egypt, Italy, and Sicily. After his traveling he then decided to become a teacher. In ancient Greece teachers held class in the streets and in the marketplace. If not enough students were gathered they would move out and look for another city. Plato didn’t like that style of teaching o he decided to buy land and set up a permanent school. The school became known as The Academy. Classes were held outdoors. The teachings they focused on were politics and philosophy. But philosophy was the more deep subject. It covered physics and astronomy. Plato’s desire was to give students knowledge and wisdom. As Aristotle attended the academy it was an exciting and environment for an eager student. Aristotle earned the nickname Anagnostes, which means the reader. Aristotle later rejected Plato’s views and developed his ownShow MoreRelatedAristotles Legacy Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pa gesExtraordinary achievements have been made through ancient civilizations. Philosophers that have changed the way we look at things every day came from the ancient Greek world, especially during the prosperous Golden Age of Athens, Greece. Aristotle, a famous philosopher, taught his philosophy during this period of time in Greece. Using his intellect and astounding ideas, Aristotle created a legacy that influenced people for ages. To start off, Aristotle was a widely known philosopherRead MoreThe Role Of Happiness . â€Å"Happiness Is The Meaning And The1326 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of Happiness â€Å"Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence† (Aristotle). 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Aristotle argues that virtue, which is a trained faculty ofRead More Aristotle and the Doctrine of the Mean Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesAristotle and the Doctrine of the Mean Aristotle seeks flourishing happiness in life. He believes that this can be achieved for each individual through the embracement of virtues. Aristotle believes that virtues are the mean of two vices. This is the basis of the Aristotelian â€Å"Doctrine of the Mean†. This paper will explore the basis of the Doctrine of the Mean, its connections to Eudaimonia, and its success or lack thereof. Eudaimonia is a Greek word whose meaningRead MoreThe Well Being Aristotle And Human Happiness1000 Words   |  4 PagesOur Well-Being: Aristotle and Human Happiness What is the purpose of a human being? â€Å"Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence† (Nicomachean Ethics). When one thinks about happiness, these words said by Aristotle allow us to understand its significance. Through Aristotle’s teachings, he made it clear that the point of life is to be happy. Aristotle uses the word happiness as having to do with a person’s life as a whole, and not as the constant desireRead MoreContemporary Civilizations : An Essential Part Of An Individual s Highest Level Of Achievement1461 Words   |  6 Pagescommunities different texts discuss, we have come across the conversation relating an individual’s inner nature and his (or her) external circumstances. Up to the point of Teresa de Cartagena’s texts, writers argue that an individual’s highest level of achievement is primarily influenced by their internal nature and only secondarily reinforced by external circu mstances. Teresa’s argument contradicts this idea. Since the purpose of this course is to discuss texts reexamine the values on which we establishRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Happiness By Aristotle1156 Words   |  5 Pages The pursuit of happiness is the reason for our existence (Aristotle, 2004) The Greek word that usually gets translated as happiness is eudaimonia, and like most translations from ancient languages, there is a loss of deeper meaning in translation. According to Aristotle happiness (eudaimonia) is the central purpose of human life and a goal in itself (Aristotle, 2004) (Creed, Wardman 1963). Because of this ideology, Aristotle devoted much of his time discussing and explaining this philosophy (Hughes

Technology Solution for Promoting E-Banking in Bangladesh free essay sample

E-banking has revolutionised the way business istransacted by globalising the business enterprise. E-banking technologies have proliferated in recent years, and the availability of a wide range of products has led to increasing adoption among consumers. These technologies include direct deposit, computer banking, stored value cards, and debit cards. Consumers are attracted to these technologies because of convenience, increasing ease of use, and in some instances cost savings. E-banking, in particular, has grown at impressive rates. Between 1995 and 2003, e-banking increased eightfold. Between late 2002 and early 2005, use of online banking increased 47%, a clear evidence that e-banking is associated with better household financial management. All businesses, including small and medium scale industries, no matter their geographical locations, are all beneficiaries of e-banking. It encompasses all kinds of commercial transaction that is conducted on an electronic medium, mostly through the internet. E-banking links business to customers no matter their geographical location.It allows companies to make new business contacts from different global business alliances, test new products and services, and make market research and other enquiries all at a minimal cost both financial and otherwise. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Solution for Promoting E-Banking in Bangladesh or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Smaller community banks, among others, are more interested in the application of e-banking to gain certain competitive edges over their larger counterparts. In addition to previous e-banking delivery systems, Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) and telephone transaction processing centres, online banking provides banks a new and more efficient electronic delivery tool.While ATMs were first introduced in early 1980s and initially an attempt to reduce operating costs, telephone call centres were developed in the 1990s to handle simple transactions and provide added customer services from a remote location. E-banking has been viewed as an upgrading from previous electronic delivery systems to open new business opportunities for the banking induetry. Electronic banking does not mean only 24- hours access to cash through an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) or Direct Deposit of pay checks into checking or savings accounts as many consumers may think.Electronic banking (e-banking) involves many different types of transactions; it is a form of banking where funds are transferred through an exchange of electronic signals between financial instituti on, rather than exchange of cash, cheques or other negotiable instruments. With the expansion of global Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure and the internet, e-banking is set to play a pivotal role in the national economic development of any country. But appropriate software, technology, infrastructure, skilled manpower and cyber law are crucial for the implementation of e-banking in the country. This paper reviewed the issues associated with various forms of e-banking accompanied by a field survey and explored the challenges and prospect of e-banking in Bangladesh. Chapter 1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The primary objective of the report is to find out a technology solution for the banking system of Bangladesh using a nation-wide network. Implementing a nation-wide electronic banking system requires huge investment especially for the establishment of a backbone network. It really matters for a country like ours.

Society and Morality Good vs. Evil Essays - Fiction, Literature

Society and Morality : Good vs. Evil A Clockwork Orange, a novel written by Anthony Burgess in the 1960's takes place in dystopian future in London, England. The novel is about a fifteen-year-old nadsat (teenager) named Alex who along with his droogs (friends) commit violent acts of crime and opts to be bad over good. In time, Alex finds himself to be in an experiment by the government, making him unable to choose between good and evil, thus losing his ability of free will, and being a mere clockwork orange. A "clockwork orange" is a metaphor for Alex being controlled by the government, which makes him artificial because he is unable to make the decision of good verses evil for himself and is a subject to what others believe is right. In A Clockwork Orange, Anthony Burgess utilizes contrast, symbolism, and the first person narrative point of view to illustrate and enhance the theme of free will, because a person who lack's the ability to choose between good and evil, is not really a human being. Therefore, for the duration of Part One, Alex possesses the ability of free will yet decides to be evil by committing violent crimes in society. Further on in Part Two of the play, Alex is imprisoned for his crimes and is forced to go through the Ludovico Treatment where he loses his free will. Finally, at the end of the novel in Part Three, Alex is "cured" and has reverted back to his previous state of having a choice between being good or evil, thus acquiring that sense of free will once mor e. In part one of the novel, we witness the ability of free will that Alex possesses and his ability to choose between good and evil through contrast presented by darkness of night and lightness of day. At the beginning of the novel, Alex and his droogs (friends), Pete, Georgie, and Dim are at the Kovova Milkbar, roaming the streets and committing violent acts during night. Alex and his droogs encounter an old man who is drunk and is singing a sentimental song. Alex instantly chooses the path of evil with the free will that he encompasses, and along with his droogs they beat the old man while laughing at his misery. The old man complains about the "stinking world" and says, "It's a stinking world because it lets the young get on to the old like you done, and there's no law nor order no more." (Part 2, Chapter 2, Page 12) At night, Alex uses violence and chooses to beat, rape, and murder innocent people because it shows that he has freedom of choice and has authority and power in society . Alex's interpretation of darkness and night is, "The night belonged to me and my droogs and all the rest of the nadsats (teenagers), and the starry bourgeois lurked indoors" (Part 1, Chapter 4, Page 33). In contrast, during the day, Alex's power of freedom is partly taken away from him as it signifies danger and fear. He is unable to choose the path of good or evil during the daytime because the day is not controlled by the youth. Alex notices that the day belongs to middle-aged "bourgeois" and he is unable to commit as many crimes in the day without repercussions due to the police patrolling areas more during the day. Alex's interpretation of the day, in contrast to night is, "The day was very different from the night the day was for the starry ones, and there always seemed to be more rozzes or millicents (policemen) about during the day, too." The quotation interpreted by Alex is that the day is for the old, while the night is for youth. In addition, this quotation also explains the contrast between night and day, and shows who is in authority and how society works during different times of day. Therefore, the contrast shown by Burgess between night and day enhances the theme of free will and good verses evil, because it shows how one has the power to act more freely at a certain time in the day, choosing to be bad instead of good and having no ramifications for crimes

Same-Sex Marriage essays

Same-Sex Marriage essays In America today, 84 percent of the population defines marriage as the union of two people of the opposite sex. Marriage is one of the fundamental establishments of the United States, as stated in the U.S. Constitution. However, many Americans are denied this basic right because of whom they are trying to marry. In most states, including Indiana, it is illegal for two people of the same sex to enter into a marriage together. The state of Indiana is one of 40 states whose constitutions clearly define marriage as  ¡the union of a man and a woman ¡. I believe that this is blatant discrimination towards homosexuals and their families, and the law should be altered in some way to accept everyone despite their sexual orientation. Indiana has no laws that address benefits towards gay and lesbian couples. The state does not recognize any same-sex marriage, regardless of where the marriage took place. Indiana does not grant any recognition of civil unions, nor do they offer same-sex partner benefits for government workers, as many states now offer. As stated above, Indiana will only grant a marriage license to a woman if she is marrying a man or a man if he is marrying a woman. In a poll taken by WTHR Channel 13, less than a quarter of Hoosiers believe gay couples should be allowed to marry. Only 19 percent of adults are in support of gay marriage, but the majority of Hoosiers under age 35 believe in some form of legal acknowledgment. All in all, it is going to take time before Indiana catches up with the rest of the country in awarding same-sex benefits and recognition. Although marriage is the primary goal, recognition in general would be a giant step in the right direction. Massachusetts is the only state right now that has legalized same-sex marriage. Many cities throughout the country have taken it upon themselves to grant marriage licenses to same-sex couples. These are a few places in the Unit ...

The NBA Lockout Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The NBA Lockout - Essay Example A labor union uses certain tools to enforce their demands such as strikes and collective bargaining with the management, while the management uses tools such as lockouts to strengthen their position in a negotiation. There are a number of causes for a lockout. A lockout can be triggered by a strike of the labor union, for example, if the strike causes loss to the organization, the management of the organization may call a lockout in order to weaken the position of the workers and the management may continue the lockout unless the workers leave the union and agree to work with the organization or the labor union ends the strike and agrees the terms of the management. In more common cases, a lockout takes place when the labor union refuses to accept the final offer made by the management of an organization in a negotiation. In such scenarios, the management calls for a lockout in order to put pressure over the workers to accept the offer of the management. The case with the NBA lockout is quite similar to the second example presented above. The NBA owners initiated the lockout after the owners proposed significant cuts in the salaries but the union of players refused to accept the offer. The contract ended before the union and the NBA owners could reach a final settlement and the scenario resulted in a lockout. From the analysis of the historical data available regarding the NBA lockouts, it has been found that the main reason behind lockouts is the failure to negotiate the salary system of the players. In some scenarios, the management agrees to accept the demands of the union as a result of the shock effect but in case of NBA the negotiations are usually stricter as compared to other organizations. In the 1998-99 NBA lockout the owners wanted to change the salary cap system of the players and sought to cut down the overall salaries of the players. The National Basketball Players Association (NBPA) refused to accept the plans of the owners and demanded for incre ases in the salaries of the players. Ultimately, the negotiations reached a dead end and a consensus could not be reached by both the sides and this scenario ended in a lockout which lasted from 1 July 1998 to 20 February 1999. The 2011 NBA lockout occurred due to a reason similar to that of the 1998-99 lockout. The last negotiations between the owners and the players took place in 2005 and both sides reached a deal before the end of the last contract. The term of the contract was six years and it was due to end on 30 June 2011. In order to enter into a fresh contract, negotiations between the owners and the players started in the beginning of 2011. The argument on the owner side was a little stricter this time because the owners presented a claim that they were not gaining enough revenue and they were bearing a loss of $300 million each year. The league proposed to reduce the salaries of the players by as much as 40% and it also proposed a modification on the salary cap of teams wh ich would result in a reduction of the salaries of the players. Such strict changes were completely unacceptable by the union which did not consider these figures equitable for the players, thus the union initiated collective bargaining with the owners. The union planned to be steadfast in its bargaining to such as extent that the director of the union, Billy Hunter, advised the players to be ready for a lockout which was expected considering the strictness on both sides of the negotiation

Fitness Assignments Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Fitness Assignments - Coursework Example The client is a complete beginner to exercise and have not attended any fitness program before. In addition, the client possesses an active lifestyle with high intake of junk food. No cardio respiratory diseases or blood sugar abnormalities were identified to relate with the family history of the client. The client’s secondary motive is to remain fit and healthy. On the other hand, the primary goal of the client is to become a basketball player. A detailed information about the client has been presented below in a tabular format. Basketball is recognized as a ‘non-contact’ sport, wherein body contact is commonly witnessed among the players. Hence, basketball players usually require muscular strengths as well as body mass to maintain their position against the opponents. In this regard, certain qualities are extremely important for the basketball players to acquire a competitive edge over the opponents. Speed, agility and quick recovery are a few major fitness components that are essential for developing the performance of the individual players as well as team. The goals of the client behind attending training are to become a basketball player and keep self-fit and healthy. Hence, in line with these goals of the client, certain specific methods of testing by which further assessments can be gauged against for effective training have been designed. These testing methods will include ‘test of jumping’, ‘test of agility’, and ‘tests of strength’ (Sporis, Naglic, Milanovic, Talovic, & Jeleskovic, 2010). On each exercise, 20-30 sec work will be performed with 20-40sec recovery after the completion of each exercise. At the same time, warm up before starting exercise and cooling down after exercise will also be performed. The following exercise circuit has been set up for conducting a resistance-based circuit so that the fellow students work in each body part. The session is divided

Terminologies in the ICN architecture

Terminologies in the ICN architecture The research on the Information-centric Networking initiated with the need to replace the current inefficient architecture to a promising model that could satisfy future network necessities [1]. The several projects on this research are differentiated in the operations of the key building blocks common to most projects [4]. Named Data Objects (NDOs)   Ã‚   Every content on the internet ranging from a web page, documents to media files is referred to as objects (NDOs) which are independent of location, storing and retrieval methods [4]. NDO and its name is the identity of the information on the internet which can be copied, requested and supplied. NDOs can also hold representative data about the information held by the object [4]. Naming Every NDO in ICN is to be assigned a unique name, and should also associate an integrity check with the information it holds to ensure reliability [4]. They are always location-independent and range from structured to flat and may be human interpretable or not [1].There are two different naming schemes hierarchical and flat namespaces. The hierarchical scheme has a structure to the name rooting to publisher prefix which may also be human-readable in some cases, enabling aggregation and scalability in routing mechanisms [4]. The flat namespaces use the hash of the content with the objects name for direct binding and embed public key and hash of the content for indirect binding [4]. The publisher field in flat names facilitates some level of route aggregation even if it is a non-hierarchical scheme [4]. The difference in the design trade-off affects routing and security mechanism [4]. Security This feature is correlated to the naming scheme adopted by the approach. Human-readable names require external trust agent for verification, while flat names support self-certification and validation [1]. Hierarchical naming is considered disadvantageous as it relies on public key infrastructure (PKI) [4]. Application Programming Interface (API) The ICN API is related to the operation of asking and getting the NDOs. There are different terms denoted for the operation that varies which will be discussed during respective approach. The source provides NDOs by publishing it to the network. The user requests the network to get the NDOs by subscribing to it. As per approach, the publish/subscribe operation may be synchronous or asynchronous, while some support location preferences [4]. Name Resolution, Routing, and Forwarding of the Content The name of NDOs is resolved by matching the information name to the source provider [1]. Resolution may be direct or indirect routes to the source/s. The operation is carried out by Name Resolution Service (NRS) in the routing infrastructure which stores pointers to the storage locations containing the object names [4]. The routing and forwarding of the objects are carried out in multiple steps which involve routing the request to the direct source or to the responsible NRS, translation of object name to source/s addresses if indirect, forwarding the request to the source and fulfilling the requested data back to the client [4]. The content routing may be coupled or de-coupled to the name resolution process. Coupled routing backtraces the request message path from the client and follows the same for delivering content. De-coupled routing uses different routes which can be generated by an independent routing module that provides a deliverable route to the source [1]. Caching Caching is application-independent and may be done at every node in the ICN infrastructure [4]. ICN supports on-path caching and off-path caching. On-path caching is caching the information along the path of NDO request message while Off-path caching is exploiting the information cached outside that path [1]. Off-path caching can be supported in both coupled and de-coupled routing mechanisms by routing systems or NRS respectively [1]. Mobility ICN facilitates content request process from user end as the request can be re-initiated after the handoff while providing mobility to the source is difficult in both coupled and de-coupled approach as it burdens the system with additional updates [1]. By caching and replicating content at multiples nodes closer to the mobile subscriber, the ICN infrastructure saves costs and time by bypassing possible congestion [2].

Marriage in ancient Rome Essay -- essays research papers

The Roman institution of marriage has been lauded as being the first purely humanistic law of marriage, one that is based on the idea of marriage being a free and freely dissolvable union of two equal partners for life. (Schulz, 1951;103) This is quite a simplistic view, as there were many differing forms of marriage in Rome, from the arranged marriages of the elite to the unions of slaves and soldiers. As we shall see, the Romans' actual expectations of married life and the gains they envisioned they would receive from the experience depended greatly on their age, sex and social status. Unlike our contemporary society, no specific civil ceremony was required for the creation of a marriage; only mutual agreement and the fact that the couple must regard each other as husband and wife accordingly. (Gardner,1986;47) Although not a legal necessity, some weddings, usually the first marriage of elite couples was accompanied by much revelry and song, as featured in one of Catullus' poems. It describes the celebration of the marriage with dancing, singing and the brandishing of torches. Ribald jokes are shouted at the bride and nuts are scattered as she makes her way towards her husband's house. The groom arrives before the bride so that he can personally invite her to come and share his home. Now married, what does the couple expect to gain from the experience? The young bride is most probably in her early teens, as is the girl described in Catullus' poem with the words, "Young boy, release the little girl's small smooth arm". After marriage she will be transformed from a "little girl" into a respected wife. Elsewhere Catullus assures his readers that young daughters are unloved by their parents until they are married. "If, when she is ripe for marriage, she enters into wedlock, she is ever dearer to her husband and less hateful to her parents†¦" (Catullus, Poems 62.57-65) If we are to take this at face value, then marriage for young girls gains them the affection of their parents. A similar sentiment is found in the funeral eulogy from Rome for a woman named Murdia. It speaks of her dealing with her arranged marriage with obedience and propriety and "as a bride to become more beloved because of her merits†¦". (Reading 139, Lefkowitz and Fant, 1982;135) Marriage, for both males and females granted them a larger network of fam... ...her image. He wanders lovesick to her room only to discover she is not there. It is safe to say that one of the gains from marriage for both partners was sexual satisfaction, even if certain men did look outside the marriage bed occasionally. Were the Roman's expectations of marriage likely to be met? The foremost function of marriage, the production of children, was likely to be met by most marriages. Having those children survive and succeed you as heirs or to look after you in old age was another matter. Cornelia bore twelve children of whom only three survived. In an age of high mortality, in which both childbirth and military campaigns were a factor, it could be difficult to establish a lasting partnership, the ideal Roman marriage of one partner for life. It is recorded on the tombstones of the long dead that indeed these marriages did exist, and even if it is but a literary cliche, it is still a testament of their devotion to one another. "Pythion son of Hicesius set up this common memorial to himself and to his wife Epicydilla daughter of Epicydes. He was married at eighteen and she at fifteen, and for fifty years of life together they shared agreement unbroken†¦" Marriage in ancient Rome Essay -- essays research papers The Roman institution of marriage has been lauded as being the first purely humanistic law of marriage, one that is based on the idea of marriage being a free and freely dissolvable union of two equal partners for life. (Schulz, 1951;103) This is quite a simplistic view, as there were many differing forms of marriage in Rome, from the arranged marriages of the elite to the unions of slaves and soldiers. As we shall see, the Romans' actual expectations of married life and the gains they envisioned they would receive from the experience depended greatly on their age, sex and social status. Unlike our contemporary society, no specific civil ceremony was required for the creation of a marriage; only mutual agreement and the fact that the couple must regard each other as husband and wife accordingly. (Gardner,1986;47) Although not a legal necessity, some weddings, usually the first marriage of elite couples was accompanied by much revelry and song, as featured in one of Catullus' poems. It describes the celebration of the marriage with dancing, singing and the brandishing of torches. Ribald jokes are shouted at the bride and nuts are scattered as she makes her way towards her husband's house. The groom arrives before the bride so that he can personally invite her to come and share his home. Now married, what does the couple expect to gain from the experience? The young bride is most probably in her early teens, as is the girl described in Catullus' poem with the words, "Young boy, release the little girl's small smooth arm". After marriage she will be transformed from a "little girl" into a respected wife. Elsewhere Catullus assures his readers that young daughters are unloved by their parents until they are married. "If, when she is ripe for marriage, she enters into wedlock, she is ever dearer to her husband and less hateful to her parents†¦" (Catullus, Poems 62.57-65) If we are to take this at face value, then marriage for young girls gains them the affection of their parents. A similar sentiment is found in the funeral eulogy from Rome for a woman named Murdia. It speaks of her dealing with her arranged marriage with obedience and propriety and "as a bride to become more beloved because of her merits†¦". (Reading 139, Lefkowitz and Fant, 1982;135) Marriage, for both males and females granted them a larger network of fam... ...her image. He wanders lovesick to her room only to discover she is not there. It is safe to say that one of the gains from marriage for both partners was sexual satisfaction, even if certain men did look outside the marriage bed occasionally. Were the Roman's expectations of marriage likely to be met? The foremost function of marriage, the production of children, was likely to be met by most marriages. Having those children survive and succeed you as heirs or to look after you in old age was another matter. Cornelia bore twelve children of whom only three survived. In an age of high mortality, in which both childbirth and military campaigns were a factor, it could be difficult to establish a lasting partnership, the ideal Roman marriage of one partner for life. It is recorded on the tombstones of the long dead that indeed these marriages did exist, and even if it is but a literary cliche, it is still a testament of their devotion to one another. "Pythion son of Hicesius set up this common memorial to himself and to his wife Epicydilla daughter of Epicydes. He was married at eighteen and she at fifteen, and for fifty years of life together they shared agreement unbroken†¦"

Psychology †Pretty Little Liars Style Essay

Psychology The science of behavior and mental processes Nature vs. Nurture The controversy over the impact which genes and experiences have on psychological behaviors. Just like in the Bad Seed (performed at Rosewood High,) psychologists wonder if evil is something inherited or learned. Basic Research Science whose main goal is to increase the scientific knowledge base. Applied Research Scientific studies which aim to solve practical problems, like forensics being used to determine if the Liars’ evidence is real. Clinical Psychology A branch of Psychology which studies psychological disorders. Mona would have to have seen a clinical psychologist†¦ that chick cray. Psychiatry A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders, with physicians who often give medicine to their patients. Empiricism The concept that knowledge comes from experience via the senses, while science comes from observation and experimentation. Jenna had lost the sense of sight, so in a strange, empirical sense, she could be less knowledgeable than the Liars†¦ if not, she certainly is more crazy. Hindsight Bias The tendency to believe that after a known outcome a person had known it all along. Reminiscent of people claiming they had known Toby is part of the A team†¦ It can’t be true!! False Consensus Effect The tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors. Similar to how Spencer completely opened up to Toby, assuming that there was no way he was involved with A. Illusory Correlation Surely connected to the phrase â€Å"correlation is not causation,† this is the perception of a relationship where none exists. Similar to how Noel kept imagining a relationship between himself and Aria. Independent Variable The experimental factor which is being manipulated and whose effect is being studied†¦ ust like how A manipulates the Liars to watch them crack. Dependent Variable The experimental factor which is being measured. A manipulates the Liars to see how far she can get them to crack. Evolutionary Approach The study of psychology using the principles of natural selection. A seems to follow Darwin’s theories, eliminating the weakest of the NAT club one by one. Biological Approach The study of Psychology linking psychological progresses and biology, such as genetics. This is similar to A’s belief that Aria would have an affair with Ezra simply because her father had also had a student-teacher relationship. Behavior Genetics Approach A theory which determines how our environment influences our individual differences. The Liars all had secrets similar to the ones their parents had kept, be it lying, cheating, or stealing. Psychoanalytic Approach Studies using Freud’s theories on how the unconscious drives our behavior. Humanistic Approach Emphasize the growth potential of healthy people†¦. such as the ever beautiful Keegan Allen. Structuralism An early school of psychology which used introspection to explore the structure of the human mind. Similar to how Dr. Sullivan asked Hanna to think back about her relationship with Alison to help her move past her death. Functionalism A school of psychology which focused on how mental process allow an organism to adapt, survive, and flourish. In the movie Psycho (scenes from which were replicated in the episode â€Å"unmAsked†) Bates had become his mother in order to cope with his life and adapt to his condition. Human Factors Psychology The study of how people and machines interact. For instance, how the Liars are so reliant on their cellphones, even though that’s what brings them misery. Bottoms-Up Processing Perception, or analysis of sensory information, which begins with the sense receptor and works up to the brains integration of sensory information. Aria and Emily had first seen Caleb talking on the phone, and after listening to him talk, they then interpreted his conversation to mean that he was lying to Hanna. Top-Down Processing A form of higher level mental process which constructs perceptions based on experience and expectation, more similar to how Spencer learns information. Sensory Adaptation Diminished sensitivity in consequence of constant stimulation. Similar to Paige’s concern over the fact that Emily has become so used to â€Å"A† that she no longer realizes the danger she constantly is in. Associative Learning Learning that two events occur together, typically stimuli and a consequence. Similar to the Liars becoming convinced that every ad thing that happens to them is linked to â€Å"A†. Behaviorism The view that Psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Many people had believed that Mona was not truly sick because of her mental state, but merely because of her objective behavior. Classical Conditioning A learning style where an organism associates stimuli. Pavlov’s study of dogs salivating was a large factor. The Liars had received texts from â€Å"A† and got scared, now simply hearing their phone go off is enough to scare them. Unconditioned Response The unlearned response in classical conditioning, in this case, the fear behind the texts. Unconditioned Stimulus The stimulus which naturally triggers a response. In this case, â€Å"A†. Conditioned Response The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus. The Liars learned to fear their cellphones. Stimulus An irrelevant stimulus which eventually becomes a stimulus in classical conditioning. In this case the Liars’ cell phones. Conditioned Generalization The tendency once a response is conditioned, for similar stimuli to issue the same response. For instance, if the Liars were to then fear their computers and other technology as well. Acquisition The initial stage in classical conditioning where the stimulus first elicits a response. Like when the Liars first jumped after hearing Aria’s cell phone ring at Alison’s funeral. Extinction The diminishing of a conditioned response, such as after Mona was found to be â€Å"A. † Operant Conditioning A learning style where behavior is strengthened following reinforcement or diminished by punishment. Like â€Å"A† terrorizing the Liars to punish them for how they acted around Alison. Law of Effect Thordike’s principles that behavior followed by favorable consequences become more likely and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely. For instance, Byron stopped having affairs after Alison blackmailed him in punishment for his actions. Operant Chamber The â€Å"Skinner Box† used to teach rats to hit a bar in order to obtain food or water. Shaping An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of a desired goal, like guiding mice to a specific area of a cage. â€Å"A† does this to lure Spencer into the fun house at the founders day festival. Fixed-Interval Schedule In operant conditioning, a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specific amount of time. Similar to having a paycheck and a specified pay day, which Ashley did have, but it just didn’t seem to be enough. Variable-Ratio Schedule A schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response at an unpredictable amount of responses. Similar to Lucas and his gambling problem. Latent Learning Subject matter which is learned but not demonstrated, such as Mona pretending to be less intelligent then she really is. Overjustification Act When you reward someone for doing something they already like to do, such as Emily winning anchor. They won’t see it as a reward, but that doesn’t mean former psychopaths like Paige won’t see it that way. Neuron A nerve cell, the basic building block of the nervous system. Just like how Alison was the main building block of the Liars. Dendrites The branching extensions of a neuron that receive impulses, such as the Liars receiving information from A. Axon The extension of a neuron through which messages are sent to other neurons or to muscles or glands. Toby was an extension of Spencer who sent out messages as A. Myelin Sheath A layer of tissue that encases neurons. It enables faster transmission of neural impulses. The Liars’ families and their secrets protect the Liars, yet A uses them to get across their message more clearly. Threshold The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural response. After finding Toby was A, Spencer’s threshold for tolerating Mona sunk to an all-time low. Acetylcholine A neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction. Such as the neurotransmitter that makes Pretty Little Liars fans twitch every time Toby comes on screen. Central Nervous System The brain and the spinal cord, which are linked to survival†¦ something Alison was terrible at. Autonomic Nervous System The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the internal organs. Such as the gorgeous boys of the show who control the hearts of the Liars. Sympathetic Nervous System The part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body. Parasympathetic Nervous System The part of the autonomic nervous system which calms the body. Medulla The area of the brain that controls breathing and heart beats. Sensation The process of sensory receptors receiving stimulant energies from the environment. This can be analogous with the Liars gaining clues to A’s identity. Perception The process of interpreting sensory information to recognize objects and events. Analogous with interpreting clues to determine who A is. Psychophysics The study of the relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli, such as intensity, and the psychological experience of them. Absolute Threshold The minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus half of the time. The absolute threshold for Pretty Little Liars fans is low considering the intensity of their cliffhangers. Subliminal Something below the absolute threshold for conscious awareness. The clues that are in the show are subliminal while being watched, but only make sense when considered with hindsight bias. Weber’s Law The principal that two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage to be able to tell the difference. Apparently the difference between Alison and her twin are too minimal to pass the Liars’ threshold. Sensory Adaptation Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation. After the blow of finding out Toby was A, it really shouldn’t surprise me that Spencer would join the A team as well. Optic Nerve The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain. Something Jenna lacks. Sensory Interaction The concept that senses influence each other. While Jenna was blind, her lack of vision altered her taste for food. Selective Attention Focusing attention on one stimulus, such as Spencer ignoring Alex at Homecoming to pay attention to Emily and Toby. Perspectives/Approaches Methods of Research Social Psychology Biological Bases of Behavior Development Learning, Cognition, Language, Intelligence Sensation/Perception Motivation/Emotion States of Consciousness Personality Theories Abnormal Psychology People Foot-In-The-Door Theory The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. This would make it easy for the A-Team to attract followers. As soon as they agree to send one taunting text to the Liars as revenge on Alison, the next thing you know they’re running over Hanna with a car. Social Facilitation Improved performance of tasks in the presence of others, often occurs with simple or well-learned tasks, but not with difficult or unmastered ones. When Toby and Spencer ran together, they probably ran faster and longer than if they had been alone.

The Ethical Implications Of Terrorism - 1959 Words

When we approach the people who are terrorists and terrorism, we have to also consider and ask the question â€Å"are their behavior ethical and what the ethical ramifications of their behavior are. First I see terrorism as war and a terrorist in my view is a soldier going to war for certain purpose and reason to destroy. If captured, they should be treated as prisoners of war. Terrorists are engaged in a war like any other: they unite to undertake military action in favor of a specific cause. The fact that they do not represent one individual nation and that they are not at war with a specific list of states does not undermine this: It can be argued that terrorists are not engaged in a war. Their actions are aimed at destruction of civil†¦show more content†¦Terrorists also commit aggression. They have their own armed forces and they too, can deploy armed force in violation of someone else s basic rights. When they do so, they forfeit any right not to suffer the consequen ces of receiving death in response. Terrorists commit aggression when they act, since terrorism is precisely the use of random violence especially as a killing force against civilians, with the intent of spreading fear throughout all population. Thus the immediate federal response to the World Trade Center attack by some terrorist group was the passage of the Patriot Act which included the following elements with some to strengthen domestic security and some with ethical issues. The first section pertains to the country’s protection of civil liberties, authorizes federal money to accomplish much of the act s provisions, allows the Secret Service to create a nationwide electronic crime task force. The president can confiscate the property of any foreign person who is believed to have aided in a war or attack on the United States. The act gives the ability to law-enforcement agencies to conduct surveillance on agents of foreign powers. intercept communications related to terrorist activities, allows law-enforcement agencies to share information in terrorist activities with federal authorities, authorizes roving surveillance by